Inspiring Leaders of the Islamic History (part:3)

 

Sultan Selim I

 

Only eight years was the period during which Selim I ruled the Ottoman Sultanate, but it witnessed the height of its conquests and its acquisition of the title of the caliphate, as the Sultan, known for his strength, succeeded in entering Egypt, Syria and the Hijaz, so that the rule of most Muslim lands would be transferred to the Ottomans in less than a decade.

 During the years of the reign of Sultan Selim I, Ismail's first star spread the Safavids in Iran, which prompted Selim to turn to the east to secure the borders of the Ottoman Empire, especially since the Qizilbash tribes loyal to Ismail were causing unrest in Anatolia. Selim fought his first eastern battles against the Safavids in Galdiran east of the Euphrates in 1514, then annexed the Turkmen and Kurdish provinces to the Ottoman king.

 

Later, while the borders of the Ottomans began to go beyond Kurdistan and converged on the Levant, a conflict arose between them and the Mamluks, the rulers of Egypt and the Levant until that time, so that Selim succeeded in defeating them in the battles of Marj Dabiq and Ridaniyya in 1516 and 1517, so that all their lands would be officially transferred to the Ottoman state, even if their authority remained on the ground. Coli. According to the Ottoman narrative, the last Abbasid the caliph in Cairo gave up the caliphate position to Selim I, thus becoming the first of the Ottoman caliphs. This prompted the Sheriff of Mecca to hand over the keys to the city to Sultan Selim while he was in Cairo.

 

Suleiman the Magnificent

 After the death of Selim I, the ruling passed to his son Suleiman (ruled from 1520 to 1566). Suleiman continued the policy of military expansion pursued by his predecessors, and added to it the most prominent of what was known later: interest in the legal, cultural and urban areas, so that his reign witnessed the distinction of Ottoman civilization, and may even form a special imprint of Ottoman culture.

 

Solomon began his military campaigns as soon as he ascended to the throne by acquiring Belgrade, the capital of Serbia today, then Rhodes and Hungary, and finally he reached the gates of Vienna, the capital of Austria, which he did not succeed in controlling due to various factors, including bad weather, lack of supplies, and the invincible European resistance In the city, which prompted him to abandon it, and settle for Hungary, especially since the eastern borders have returnedt